Carburetor



July 28;;931. 1 J'. H. www I 11,816,531-

. cA'nBURETon Filed June'zl, 192e 4 sheets-sheet? Wwf ATTORNEYS.

J. H. HOLLOWAY GARBURETOR July 28, 1931.

Filed June 21, 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet '5 INVENToR.

J7 Lila l4ll 3s 32km H'. Hol lwmt ATTORNEYS.

July 28, 1931.

J- H. HoLLowAy cARUREToR 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed June 21, 1926 INVENTOR,Mmmm w M A TToRNEYs,

" 9 buretor 45 bleed orifice.

Patented July 28, 1931 UNITED STA JOHN H'. HoLnowAY, or LA FAYETTE,INDIANA cAaBURETon Application filed AJune 21,

My invention relates to specific -ways and means rforsecuring thefollowing functions which are necessaryl to ahigh standard ofperformance in the art `of carburetion and J5 agreed to by those skilledin a knowledge lof this art.V j

These may be briefly classified as follows: f 1. Meansforreadilysecuring any air fuel ratio desired.

2. Least possible change in the predetermined air fuel ratio withvariation in temperature. Y 3. Greatest amount of atomization of fuelwith least loss in pressure through carbure- 4. Thorough mixing of air.and fuel before entrance into the intake manifold.

' 5. Avoidance of obstructions in the combustible mixture stream so thatcoalescence 5x120 of the fuel may be prevented or that originalatomization may be maintained to the highest possible degree. Y

"6. Easily operated throttle. 7. Device for providing temporaryenrichment of combustible mixture upon sudden opening of throttle Vsuchas required for maximum acceleration.

8. Freedom from'moving parts and simplicity of construction. v Thedrawings illustrate various structures which embody Vmy .inventionv andmeet the above requirements by the use .of new and novel mechanisms. F 1-In the drawings- Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of oneembodiment of my invention as applied to a vertical outlet carburetor.Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken'along the line 2f2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 isa partial section of the carbody showing the fuel feed duct, ori* ficplate, fuel nozzles, air ducts, and air bleed connections to `fuelnozzles. Figml is across-sectional View of an air bleed `duct showingmeans for altering "the size of an air Fig. -5 is a development of thecarburetor body periphery showing location or air intake ducts and airbleed openings. Fig. 6 is an imaginary horizontal cross-sectional viewof the carburetor body'showing the location of the air ducts, fuelnozzles, and

1526. serial No. 117,514. y

air bleed holes. Fig. 7 i-s arperspective view of the plate containingopenings for connect'- ing air bleed and fuel nozzle passages. Fig. 8isa perspective view ofthe fuel orifice plate. Fig. 9 is a perspectiveview of a cylindrical throttle suitable for the use with a`cylindrically bodied carburetor as shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 1() is a bottomView of the carburetor showing the plate covering the float cham'-V berand carburetor body.V Fig. 11 is aside View of another embodiment ofilly-invention as applied t0 a horizontal outlet carbure-V tor. Fig. 12is a partial -sectional View taken on line 12-12 of Fig. 11 through thebody of the carburetor "and throttle.

Fig. 13 f is a sectional view taken on line 13-13 of Fig. 12 showingthe'air and fuel passages. Fig..14 is a partial side and cutaway Viewshowing another embodiment ofmy invention as a plied to a carburetorwith arectangular bo y and integral air cleaner.

Fig. 15 isa verticalsectional view through the carburetor body andthrottle showing the` air bleeds, airintake ducts, acceleration wells,fuel 'oriiice plate, fuel duct s and throttle parts both manual andautomatic. Fig. 16 i-s a vertical sectional view through the carburetorbody at right angles to the view in Fig. 15 showing the throttle, aircleaner, throttle lever and v`fuel duct to the float chamber. Fig. 17 isa partial top view showing a flange for attachment to the enginemanifold, and

anges on the carburetor -body for the attachment of the air cleanerfabric;

In the embodiment shown in F inclusive, the operation is as follows:Fuel enters a conventional float chamber 15, see

Fig. nular 1, and passesthrough duct 17 to an anfuel supply duct 18.-Fuel then passes Y Y through openings 121 in the annular submergedorifice plate 21 and into the progressively elongated fuel nozzles 25,see Figs. 1,

3 and 4. Air enters the laterally directed and radially arranged airducts 26 in the parted or two piece cylindrical housing 10. These ductsare arranged in a spiral series, see Flgs.

l, see Figs. 1, 3, 5

ducts are provided,

3 and 5, and progressively decrease in area,

and 6. Two such series of see Fig. 5. The air passes 3 in thecylindrical body igs. 1 to 8 serrated f which constitutes the throttle.These ports are elongated and somewhat triangular in outline and a pairis provided. A port33 is adapted to successively register with two ormore of theV air ducts 26. TWhen ports 33 register with the air ducts26, air is drawn into the interior of the carburetor. body by means ofthe'suction yof the engine cylinders.

As the airpasses over the upper open ends of fuel nozzles 25, .itinduces a flow Vof fuel therefrom, in a predeterminedratio-totheventering air, controlled by the size of the oriiices 121 in the plate21, and air bleed'li'o'l-'es 27, see Figs. i and 5, 1n inserts 27, seeFigi. 1

and downwardly directed.y passages 28, see

. seats 20, 22 and 24. Plates 23 21 are centered by the collar 120formed upon onepart of the cylindrical housing 1 0 and sai-d collar alsocenters lthe upper part' of said` housing' 10'. The cylindrical throttle30y is kretained within the upper part of the housing 10 and seats uponthe collar 120 at its lower end. Thethrottle is operated by any`suitable linkage arranged to beunder'the control of the operator.

In Figure 1` the rotating throttle barrel 30 and the throttle actuatinglever arm 31 are firmly attached to the rotatable rod 32. Swinging arm r31 through any convenient angle results in. alike motion of throttle 30.Air is admitted from two sources. lThrough the ducts 26, the totalamount of air admitted is controlled by the number and amount of theducts 26 -inregistration with the ports Airis.v also ad-V mitted throughthe air bleed openings 27, the n amount thereof being ad]ustable, seeFig. e,

and this air passes through passages 2e to the cross channels 123 in theplate 23 and vthence mixes with the fuel landpasses outwardly throughthe fuel ducts 25.

Fuel is supplied to the fuel ducts25 lfrom the annu-lar vchannel 18communicating therewith when the ports 121 in plate 21 register with thecross channels 123 in plate 23 and ,Y said cross channels register withthe nozzles 25. The relative amount of fuel supplied to each nozzle canbe adjusted by controlling the degree of registration of ports 121 and123. lIiikewiserthe amount of air supplied through the air bleedopenings can be justed at the intake port point and the amount mayfurther be controlledby determining the amount of registration betweenthe cross passagesv 123 and the air bleed pa;- sages 28. Y

The total amount of air and fuel can be the fuel will findl alevefl-iiie-certainnof the fueland air bleed nozzles shown in Fig. 3 as25 and 28 respectively, thereby furnishing a 'reservoir ofeXtra fuel, totemporarily supp ly an enrichment of the mixture upon sud- 'den openingof the throttle, as required by azsudden. demand for power oracceleration,

as in an automotive vehicle. In idlingor with very small throttle.openingen:V al-.llthe air used by the engine is'fd'rawnfin relativelysmall openings, Withr resultingliigh velocities and excellentatomsiration:.ofiilrel` By admitting 1 air and fue-l through-v. bothsides of the carbureter body simultaneously the pres-surediiflferenceszare equaliz'ed7so that the carburetor throttleisbala'nced.` free to move with a minimum of frietional.resist-T anceand wear; This is a valuable..-:improve-A ment as compared withtheconventionaltype 'ef butterfly throttle. f

The construction of.L the throttle: permits the fuel to enter'thieengine withoutithze usual impinging upon the surface lof the throttle,asfis the case with th'econventionalbutterily design. This` results inlahiglrervdexgree of atomization and an avoidance offundue coalescen'ceof thefu'el.

In Figs. 141tof17 inclusive., ais-'leeve'typcf" throttle construction iillustrated-I wherein like or similar parts have refe-reime.' numeralsincreased by Thustlie throttleris indicated 'by the numeral "80,1the'lair-duct by `=7 6, the fuel nozzle byy 7 5l, the airbleedingriporrtby 77, the plate by'y 70, thecarburetoiebewl by 65, the actuating shaft;whichsiisofthe sleeve type, by 82, andthe base-1 inelrizdingrthe saineby 69, the mixingfchamberflly, Stand the actuatinglever-byl; f

InF-ig. 14C theregis sho-wn suitable mech'- anismI {consistir-ig f offthe Ibell 2 crianli arm.' 8&1y with the yoked end 181 arrangedtonsilidabliy move the collar and shaft182- Saidffbell crank is suitablyfulcrumed 'asrupon theibody of the carburetorandthe opposite endmay berconnected to suitable link-age forE manual control. The operation-'ofthis?" type of throte tle` is through the axial sliding raction insteadofrotatin-g action. Intlre first' medifeation described the throttlevwas oscillated orarc*- uately reciprocated while in theY secon-d inodeification the throttley is' rectilinearly reciprocated'fory obtainingfuelcontrolv As shown in thesev several figures and "particularly Figs.letA and-lthe individual'air ports 26' through the body ofthe carburetorofthe first modification are. replaced bysingle port 76 upon oppositesides ofthe-subistantially rectangular shapedbody'. These air portsarevarranged in a slanting position, and, therefore, inclinedrelationship, so that the throttle is of substantially uniform shape andsimpler in construction. In this construction the fuel mixture does notpass through the ports but since these ports are the edges of notches,the mixture passes over the edge thereof and into the mixing chamber 84of the carburetor.

A further improvement in operation at low speed with wide open throttleis secured by means of movable plates 88, hinged and ailixed to themanuallyoperated portion of throttle 80. These are maintained in avertical posi-V tion, by spring 89, when the throttle is wide open andair is entering the carburetor at very low flow rates. It will be notedin Figure 16, that these movable plates 88 do not entirely cover the airports 7 6 when in a vertical position as shown in Figure 15. Thisresults in a high air velocity through the reduced air port opening,Vand consequent aspiration of fuel through the fuel nozzles 75, in asufficient quantity to maintain a rich enough fuel air mixture ratio tosecure proper combustion in the engine cylinder. wise be possible if theair ports were fully uncovered and the engine speed were very low.

As the engine speed increases with the throttle still fully opened, themovable plates 88 are pressed inward by the entering air, therebyautomatically admitting further air and fuel in the proper variablecombustible ratio and in amount equal to the engine demand.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to that type of throttlewhich might be either rotated like the first modification or axiallymoved like the second modification. In either instance the throttleuncovers the air ducts and admits air and fuel to the engine. Such amodification is illustrated in Figs. 11 to 13 inclusive. In thesefigures substantially like or similar parts are indicated by similarnumerals increased by 20, thus numeral 46 indicates the air ports, 45the fuel nozzles, 52 the actuating shaft 51 the actuating membertherefor, herein shown in the form of a lever arm. The fuel supplychannel is indicated by 38, the supply line thereto by 37, thecarburetor bowl by 35, the air bleed ports by 47, the air bleed passagesby 48, the air bleed and fuel mixing plates by 42, and the fuelcontrolling plate by 40.

In this form of the invention, the several parts instead of beingconcentrically arranged and circularly arranged are arranged insuperposed relation and in multiple and parallel arrangement, seeparticularly Fig. 12. While the cylindrical throttle 50 is herein shownspecifically adapted for rotation, the

' shaft 52 might be elongated, and in this event it might be axiallyreciprocated as in the'modifivation last described and by substantiallythe same operating mechanism. Fig, 13 il- This would not othervlustrates sufficient clearance at the left hand portion of said figureto permit the sleeve type throttle to reciprocate and accomplishsubstantially the same purpose or fuel control as if it were rotated.

It has been demonstrated experimentally,

and is of common knowledge to those skilled f Accurate proportioning isalso essential in l the securing of economy because closer approach maybe made to the ideal fuel-air mixture ratios, without at any time havinga failure in power due to the introduction of noncombustible mixturesinto the engine, known as lean spots in the proportioningcharacteristics.

The constructions disclosed above provide simple and inexpensivemechanisms for attaining these superior conditions in anew and novelmanner, as compared with conventional mechanisms.

I claim: l Y v A carburetor including a hollow cylindrical throttlehaving a substantially polygonal opening therein, a casing including aplurality of air passageways therethrough arranged in linear relationand with increasing area and adapted for progressive registration withthe throttle opening, a fuel supplying jet in each JOHN H. I-IOLLOVVAY.V

